2010-10-22 16:00
Starmoon
斯坦福研究團隊破解中國北斗系統信號 中國清華女生獲獎
RTCA授予XingXin Gao W.E.Jackson獎,以表彰她攻讀博士學位期間破譯北斗及伽利略系統導航信號等工作。她的個人主頁可以下載到她的博士論文,其中提到一家比利時公司已經利用他們提供的算法跟蹤到北斗導航信號。
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媒體稱美若破解北斗系統可掌握解放軍部署
核心提示︰今年3∼4月份的美國媒體披露了斯坦福大學研究人員成功破解我國“北斗”導航衛星信號編碼程序的情況,同樣是這個研究團隊,曾在2006年成功破解了歐洲“伽利略”導航衛星的信號編碼。那麼,衛星的信號編碼如被破解,會造成何種後果?
[img]http://i53.tinypic.com/e1964h.jpg[/img]
資料圖︰汶川救災中使用北斗系統終端機的解放軍空降部隊
青年參考8月23日報道 今年3∼4月份的美國《InsideGNSS》雜志,披露了美國斯坦福大學研究人員成功破解我國“北斗”導航衛星信號編碼程序的情況。因其中一研究人員為中國留學生,這一消息傳回國內後,一度在網上傳得沸沸揚揚。人們還發現,同樣是這個研究團隊,曾在2006年成功破解了歐洲“伽利略”導航衛星的信號編碼。有讀者致信本報,希望了解衛星的信號編碼如被破解,會造成何種後果。本報現試作解讀,僅供參考。
“北斗”系統功能豐富
衛星導航定位技術是指利用一組導航衛星,對地面、海洋和空間用戶進行精確定位。它具有全時空、全天候、高精度、連續實時地提供導航、定位和授時的特點,已成為應用廣泛的導航定位技術。為了不受制于人,從2000年10月到2003年5月,我國先後發射了3顆同類衛星,建成“北斗一號”雙星導航 (另一顆為備用星)定位系統,成為世界上第3個擁有自主衛星導航系統的國家。
“北斗”衛星定位系統的主要任務,是在我國及周邊部分地區,為中低動態及靜態用戶提供快速定位、簡短數字報文通信和授時服務。其基本原理是3球交匯測量︰利用兩顆位置已知的地球同步軌道衛星為兩球心,兩球心至用戶的距離為半徑作兩球面;另一球面是以地心為球心,以用戶所在點至地心的距離為半徑的球面, 3個球面的交會點即為用戶位置。
當“北斗”用戶提出申請或按預定間隔時間進行定位時,不僅用戶能知道自己所在位置,調度指揮或其他有關單位也可掌握用戶所在位置。目前,該系統可在中國及周邊地區為單兵、車輛、艦船和直升機等提供精度為20∼100米的定位服務,一次可傳送多達120個漢字的信息。所以,它特別適用于需要導航與移動數據通信相結合的場合,如交通運輸、調度指揮、搜索營救、地理信息實時查詢等。
怎樣破解衛星導航編碼
世界上現有4種衛星導航定位系統,分別是美國GPS,歐洲的“伽利略”、俄羅斯的“格洛納斯”、中國的“北斗一號”。美國的GPS因為服役早、覆蓋範圍廣、使用簡便,佔市場份額最大。其他3種導航系統都在擴容中,有進一步發展成為世界性衛星導航系統的潛力。
據了解,繼破解歐洲“伽利略”衛星導航系統信號之後,斯坦福大學的研究人員又截獲了“北斗”衛星信號中的偽隨機數(PRN)代碼,將其調制後得出連續波信號,再對多個周期的信號作累加平均,把信號增強並削弱雜訊,就可以解析偽隨機碼的周期和結構,繼而推導出其生成公式。如果將這些代碼和提取代碼的方法公布,就意味著任何配備導航設備的人掌握了破譯出來的偽隨機數代碼,就可以無償使用“北斗”的服務了。
可了解別國軍事部署
中國自力更生建設的“北斗”導航衛星的實戰意義,在去年的汶川大地震中得到集中體現。在通信中斷的情況下,救災部隊攜帶的“北斗”系統發回各種災情和救援信息,為指揮和協調救災發揮了巨大作用。
我國目前使用較廣泛的“北斗一號”導航衛星系統,是以滿足民用服務為主,兼具部分軍事用途,如︰部隊調動位置定位;作戰平台的定位導航;人員搜救、水上排雷定位等。隨著我軍信息化建設的快速發展和高技術武器的不斷服役,對衛星導航定位的信息支持要求也越來越高。
從理論上講,美國成功破解他國編碼程序後,就可以通過先進的電子攔截設備捕捉其導航信號,以分析外軍部隊調動或者武器裝備的具體位置,進而通過 GPS 確認這些數據參數,也能在需要時對導航信號進行干擾。在最壞的情況下,破解別國的衛星導航定位編碼後,美國軍隊指揮官將和外軍指揮官一樣,對外軍的軍事部署和裝備位置信息了如指掌。這對別國未來的軍事行動顯然有很大影響。
正是出于安全考慮,我國目前正在加速建設第二代“北斗”系統,其覆蓋範圍與美國GPS大體相當,可為全球用戶提供導航定位服務,而且將采用更先進且難以破解的新型編碼,應可有效降低信號被別國破解的風險。 (本文來源︰青年參考 )
2010-10-24 17:03
海之杰
悲哀!培养多年,卸磨杀驴!
2010-11-13 14:58
0932Close
謝謝大大分享
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2011-4-15 14:18
chungwai5854
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